Abstract

Urban mobility plays a critical role in economic productivity and environmental sustainability in rapidly growing metropolitan regions. One of the most densely populated cities in the world, Mumbai, is facing more mobility issues as a result of increased environmental concerns, a lack of adequate road infrastructure, and an increase in vehicle ownership. This study examines key transport indicators influencing urban mobility and environmental sustainability in Mumbai. The study uses indicator-based analysis to see whether a transport system is effective or not using secondary data on vehicle population, emissions, public transport utilisation, and transport infrastructure. A spider (radar) diagram is used to assess mobility dimensions including accessibility, efficiency, sustainability, affordability, safety, and technological integration. Additionally, a conceptual regression framework is proposed to analyse the relationship between transport indicators and urban sustainability outcomes. The findings reveal that although Mumbai demonstrates strong public transport accessibility and affordability, rising private vehicle ownership and limited road expansion contribute to congestion and environmental pressures. The study highlights the need for integrated transport planning, metro network expansion, smart mobility technologies, and sustainable transport policies to improve urban mobility and environmental outcomes.