Abstract

This study explores the evolution and significance of backdrop painting in Kolkata’s theatres and photography studios from the 18th century to the modern era. It examines how traditional Indian art forms blended with Western techniques to create immersive visual environments that enhanced storytelling and performance. The research highlights the technical aspects of backdrop painting—such as perspective, lighting, and composition—and the role of artists in shaping stage and studio aesthetics. It also discusses the socio-cultural impact of backdrops, including their use in early photographic practices and their symbolic function in theatrical narratives. By drawing on theories from visual culture, theatre studies, and material culture, the study provides a deeper understanding of backdrop painting as both an artistic expression and a performative tool. The paper emphasizes the continued relevance of this art form amid digital advancements and calls for its preservation as an important part of India’s visual and performance heritage.