Background: Elite 100-meter sprinting is a highly demanding sport requiring not only peak physical capabilities but also exceptional cognitive and emotional functioning. Aim: This review synthesises current knowledge on the cognitive and emotional factors influencing sprint performance. Method: The review emphasises key factors such as reaction time, attention control, neural coordination, anxiety management, motivation, and emotional regulation. Results: The interaction between cognitive and emotional domains is explored, along with environmental influences and psychological intervention strategies. Conclusion: Identified gaps highlight the need for integrative, personalised approaches and ethical considerations in emerging technological applications. A holistic understanding of these psychological components is essential for optimising training and competition outcomes in elite sprinting.
Ajendla, A., Patel, M., Olikkal, P., & Vinjamuri, R. K. (2025). Mental Health Management Through Wearables and AI Innovation (pp. 193–212). Igi Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-0659-9.ch010
Alkasasbeh, W. J., & Akroush, S. H. (2025). Sports motivation: a narrative review of psychological approaches to enhance athletic performance. Frontiers in Psychology, 16.https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1645274
Allott, K., Bryce, S., Douglas, K., Stainton, A., Wood, S. J., & Bowie, C. R. (2025). Formulating Cognitive Functioning to Guide Personalised Treatment for People Diagnosed With Mental Disorders. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.13811
Amir, M. T., & Standen, P. (2019). Growth-focused Resilience: development and validation of a new scale. Management Research Review, 42(6), 681–702. https://doi.org/10.1108/mrr-04-2018-0151
Baek, J. H. (2019). Effects of Attentional Focus on Reaction Time in Sprint. International Journal of Human Movement Science, 13(03), 61–70. https://doi.org/10.23949/ijhms.2019.12.13.3.5
Baltzell, A., & Summers, J. (2017). The Power of Concentration (Module 3) (pp. 77–86). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70410-4.9
Banerjee, D., & Saima, A. (2020). AI And Mental Health: Innovations, Challenges, And Opportunities. Red Unicorn. https://doi.org/10.25215/9358096373.05
Barbarin, O. A. (2025). Emotional Resilience (pp. 175–187). Oxford University Pressnew York. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197747490.003.0013
Bates, M. (2025). Toward Personalised Healing: AI-Supported Wearables in Mental Health Practice. IEEE Pulse, 16(5), 17–21. https://doi.org/10.1109/mpuls.2025.3618429
Bieleke, M., & Wolff, W. (2024). Special issue: The self-regulation of human performance. Center for Open Science. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/g6wr9
Brick, N. E., Venhorst, A., Robinson, D. T., & Macintyre, T. E. (2020). Self-regulation and Emotion Regulation in Endurance Performance (pp. 155–167). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003052012-17
Brick, N., Macintyre, T., & Schücker, L. (2019). Attentional focus and cognitive strategies during endurance activity (pp. 113–124). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315167312-9
Cooper, C. L., Flint-Taylor, J., & Pearn, M. (2013). Introduction—Setting the Scene (pp. 1–9). Palgrave Macmillan Uk. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137367839.1
Costello, S. E., O’Neill, B. V., Howatson, G., Van Someren, K., & Haskell-Ramsay, C. F. (2021). Detrimental effects on executive function and mood following consecutive days of repeated high-intensity sprint interval exercise in trained male sports players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 40(7), 783–796. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2021.2015946
Dale, J., Muniz-Pumares, D., Cimadoro, G., Meijen, C., & Glaister, M. (2023). Sprint Cycling. Journal of Psychophysiology, 37(4), 191–203. https://doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803/a000321
Di Bella, L., Doma, K., Sinclair, W. H., & Connor, J. D. (2023). The Acute Effect of Various Feedback Approaches on Sprint Performance, Motivation, and Affective Mood States in Highly Trained Female Athletes: A Randomised Crossover Trial. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 18(3), 313–319. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2022-0320
Dwi Pramesti, A., Hermahayu, H., & Faizah, R. (2022). Study of identifying factors for the developing measuring instrument on the psychological readiness of athletic athletes. Jurnal SPORTIF : Jurnal Penelitian Pembelajaran, 8(3), 17–36. https://doi.org/10.29407/js_unpgri.v8i3.18807
Forlenza, S. T., Pierce, S., Vealey, R. S., & Mackersie, J. (2018). Coaching Behaviors That Enhance Confidence in Athletes and Teams. International Sport Coaching Journal, 5(3), 205–212. https://doi.org/10.1123/iscj.2017-0040
Gauthier, J., Pellerin, D., & Renaud, P. (1983). The enhancement of self-esteem: A comparison of two cognitive strategies. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 7(5), 389–398. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01187167
Gehlot, Y. (2025). Pregame Mindset of Athletes: Psychological Readiness, Anxiety, and Instruction Following Across Individual and Team Sports. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 12(6), 9–22. https://doi.org/10.14445/23942703/ijhss-v12i6p102
Gorman, A. (2014). Pattern Recognition and Recall. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781483332222.n211
Hackley, S. A. (2009). The speeding of voluntary reaction by a warning signal. Psychophysiology, 46(2), 225–233. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.2008.00716.x
Hicks, D. S., Mcmillan, S., Schöllhorn, W., & Van Den Tillaar, R. (2026). Sprint Running Coordination: A Dynamical Systems Perspective. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-025-02380-6
Hopper, S. I., Murray, S. L., Ferrara, L. R., & Singleton, J. K. (2019). Effectiveness of diaphragmatic breathing for reducing physiological and psychological stress in adults: a quantitative systematic review. JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports, 17(9), 1855–1876. https://doi.org/10.11124/jbisrir-2017-003848
Ille, A., Selin, I., Do, M.-C., & Thon, B. (2013). Attentional focus effects on sprint start performance as a function of skill level. Journal of Sports Sciences, 31(15), 1705–1712. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2013.797097
Khan, S. F. (2025). Building Resilience: Strategies for Mental Strength and Holistic Growth. Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 133–135. https://doi.org/10.52711/2321-5828.2025.00023
Kleine, D., Sampedro[Ddot], R. M., & Melo[Ddot], S. L. (1988). Anxiety and performance in runners: Effects of stress and anxiety on physical performance. Anxiety Research, 1(3), 235–246. https://doi.org/10.1080/08917778808248722
Lardon, M. T., & Fitzgerald, M. W. (2013). Performance Enhancement and the Sports Psychiatrist. 132–146. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118404904.ch13
Leblanc, S., Uzun, B., Aydemir, A., & Mohiyeddini, C. (2019). Validation of an Emotion Regulation Training Program on Mental Well-Being. In Psychological Reports (Vol. 123, Issue 5, pp. 1518–1536). Sage. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294119878399
Lopes, G. C. D. (2024). The Influence of psychology on sports performance: emotional and cognitive factors. South Florida Journal of Development, 5(11), e4683. https://doi.org/10.46932/sfjdv5n11-038
Ma, X., Yue, Z.-Q., Gong, Z.-Q., Zhang, H., Duan, N.-Y., Shi, Y.-T., Wei, G.-X., & Li, Y.-F. (2017). The Effect of Diaphragmatic Breathing on Attention, Negative Affect and Stress in Healthy Adults. Frontiers in Psychology, 8(756). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00874
Nicholls, A. R. (2017). Psychology in Sports Coaching. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315203836
Nideffer, R. M. (2021). Anxiety, Attention, and Performance in Sports: Theoretical and Practical Considerations (pp. 117–136). Taylor Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315781594-10
Ojo, Y. (2024). Ethical Considerations in Using AI for Mental Health Diagnosis and Treatment Planning: A Scoping Review. 169–180. https://doi.org/10.52968/15065557
Q Tablizo, A., Biado, D., S Crispino, H., Avon Lee, M., & Kemboi, P. (2018). Touching the Finish Line: Predictors of Motivation Among Long Distance Elite Runners (Exploring Sports Psychology). PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences, 4(2), 416–427. https://doi.org/10.20319/pijss.2018.42.416427
Schinke, R., & Moore, Z. E. (2011). Culturally Informed Sport Psychology: Introduction to the Special Issue. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 5(4), 283–294. https://doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.5.4.283
Stavrou, N. A., Jackson, S. A., Zervas, Y., & Karteroliotis, K. (2007). Flow Experience and Athletes’ Performance with Reference to the Orthogonal Model of Flow. The Sport Psychologist, 21(4), 438–457. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.21.4.438
Storm, L. K., & Larsen, C. H. (2020). Context-driven sport psychology (pp. 73–83). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315187259-6
Swain, A. (1990). Interrelationships Among Multidimensional Competitive State Anxiety Components As A Function Of The Proximity Of Competition. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 71(8), 1111. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.71.8.1111-1114
Swain, A., Jones, G., & Cale, A. (1990). Interrelationships among Multidimensional Competitive State Anxiety Components as a Function of the Proximity of Competition. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 71(Suppl 3), 1111–1114. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1990.71.3f.1111
Takdir, A. M., Darusman, M. R., & Devi, D. F. (2025). Transforming Negative Thoughts into Self-Confidence: The Impact of Cognitive Restructuring on Adolescents. Journal of Psychological Perspective, 7(1), 19–28. https://doi.org/10.47679/jopp.719982025
Thompson-Hollands, J., Sauer-Zavala, S., & Barlow, D. H. (2014). CBT and the future of personalised treatment: a proposal. Depression and Anxiety, 31(11), 909–911. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22301
Thorat, V. M., & Ambali, M. P. (2024). Ethical Considerations in Mental Health Data Collection and Analysis. 429–448. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781394272266.ch20
Torous, J., & Roberts, L. W. (2017). The Ethical Use of Mobile Health Technology in Clinical Psychiatry. Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, 205(1), 4–8. https://doi.org/10.1097/nmd.0000000000000596
Ulrich, R., & Mattes, S. (1996). Does Immediate Arousal Enhance Response Force in Simple Reaction Time? The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A, 49(4), 972–990. https://doi.org/10.1080/713755672
Velez Sancarranco, M. A. (2026). The Interaction Between Cognitive, Emotional, and Behavioral Processes. Minerva, 7(19), 104–113. https://doi.org/10.47460/minerva.v7i19.276
Whelan, J. P., Epkins, C. C., & Meyers, A. W. (1990). Arousal interventions for athletic performance: Influence of mental preparation and competitive experience. Anxiety Research, 2(4), 293–307. https://doi.org/10.1080/0891777900824873
Hossain, Md. Mukul; Chanda, Shaybal; Aktar, Mst. Khadiza
547-554
10.5281/zenodo.19484958
Never miss any important news. Subscribe to our newsletter.